This casebook introduces students to the major instruments issued by corporations for funding and risk-management, including money market instruments, bonds and notes, junior and senior equity, government securities, futures, options, swaps, and other financial derivatives. Moving beyond the issuance market and instrument design, the book situates these instruments in their trading markets, giving students a comprehensive understanding of financial markets. The selected cases and materials highlight financial history, market structure, accounting standards, and a lawyer’s professional standards. Chapter objectives help students to track their progress. This edition has been updated to reflect recent financial reforms.

In the years following the Glorious Revolution, independent slave traders challenged the charter of the Royal African Company by asserting their natural rights as Britons to trade freely in enslaved Africans. In this comprehensive history of the rise and fall of the RAC, William A. Pettigrew grounds the transatlantic slave trade in politics, not economic forces, analyzing the ideological arguments of the RAC and its opponents in Parliament and in public debate. Ultimately, Pettigrew powerfully reasons that freedom became the rallying cry for those who wished to participate in the slave trade and therefore bolstered the expansion of the largest intercontinental forced migration in history.
Unlike previous histories of the RAC, Pettigrew’s study pursues the Company’s story beyond the trade’s complete deregulation in 1712 to its demise in 1752. Opening the trade led to its escalation, which provided a reliable supply of enslaved Africans to the mainland American colonies, thus playing a critical part in entrenching African slavery as the colonies’ preferred solution to the American problem of labor supply.

Buffett became a billionaire on paper when Berkshire Hathaway began selling class A shares on May 29, 1990, when the market closed at $7175 a share. In 1998…