[Restructuring] Videos
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A one minute video through which debt (loan) consolidation, refinancing and restructuring are defined, explained and compared.
A lot of people think debt consolidation is the same thing as debt refinancing. Or that debt restructuring and debt refinancing are synonyms.
That’s definitely not the case.
Loan consolidation, refinancing and restructuring sometimes have things in common but make no mistake, we’re talking about completely different terms.
Today, I did my best to put debt consolidation, debt refinancing as well as debt restructuring under the microscope.
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Learn more about how to become a Valcor Licensee providing small business restructuring, debt mediation, and capital acquisition.
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What is DEBT RESTRUCTURING? What does DEBT RESTRUCTURING mean? DEBT RESTRUCTURING meaning – DEBT RESTRUCTURING definition – DEBT RESTRUCTURING explanation.
Source: Wikipedia.org article, adapted under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ license.
Debt restructuring is a process that allows a private or public company, or a sovereign entity facing cash flow problems and financial distress to reduce and renegotiate its delinquent debts in order to improve or restore liquidity so that it can continue its operations.
Replacement of old debt by new debt when not under financial distress is called “refinancing”. Out-of-court restructurings, also known as workouts, are increasingly becoming a global reality.
A debt restructuring, which involves a reduction of debt and an extension of payment terms, is usually a less expensive alternative to bankruptcy. The main costs associated with debt restructuring are the time and effort negotiating with bankers, creditors, vendors, and tax authorities.
In the United States, small business bankruptcy filings cost at least $50,000 in legal and court fees, and filing costs in excess of $100,000 are common. By some measures, only 20% of firms survive Chapter 11 bankruptcy filings.
Historically, debt restructuring has been the province of large corporations with financial wherewithal. In the Great Recession that began with the financial crisis of 2007–08, a component of debt restructuring called debt mediation emerged for small businesses (with revenues under $5 million). Like debt restructuring, debt mediation is a business-to-business activity and should not be considered the same as individual debt reduction involving credit cards, unpaid taxes, and defaulted mortgages.
In 2010 debt mediation has become a primary way for small businesses to refinance in light of reduced lines of credit and direct borrowing. Debt mediation can be cost-effective for small businesses, help end or avoid litigation, and is preferable to filing for bankruptcy. While there are numerous companies providing restructuring for large corporations, there are few legitimate firms working for small businesses. Legitimate debt restructuring firms only work for the debtor client (not as a debt collection agency) and should charge fees based on success.
Among the debt situations that can be worked out in business-to-business debt mediation are: lawsuits and judgments, delinquent property, machinery, equipment rentals/leases, business loans or mortgage on business property, capital payments due for improvements/construction, invoices and statements, disputed bills and problem debts.
In a debt-for-equity swap, a company’s creditors generally agree to cancel some or all of the debt in exchange for equity in the company.
Debt for equity deals often occur when large companies run into serious financial trouble, and often result in these companies being taken over by their principal creditors. This is because both the debt and the remaining assets in these companies are so large that there is no advantage for the creditors to drive the company into bankruptcy. Instead the creditors prefer to take control of the business as a going concern. As a consequence, the original shareholders’ stake in the company is generally significantly diluted in these deals and may be entirely eliminated, as is typical in a Chapter 11 bankruptcy.
Debt-for-equity swaps are one way of dealing with sub-prime mortgages. A householder unable to service his debt on a $180,000 mortgage for example, may by agreement with his bank have the value of the mortgage reduced (say to $135,000 or 75% of the house’s current value), in return for which the bank will receive 50% of the amount by which any resale value, when the house is resold, exceeds $135,000.
A debt-for-equity swap may also be called a “bondholder haircut”. Bondholder haircuts at large banks were advocated as a potential solution for the subprime mortgage crisis by prominent economists:
Economist Joseph Stiglitz testified that bank bailouts “are really bailouts not of the enterprises but of the shareholders and especially bondholders. There is no reason that American taxpayers should be doing this”. He wrote that reducing bank debt levels by converting debt into equity will increase confidence in the financial system. He believes that addressing bank solvency in this way would help address credit market liquidity issues.
The Eurozone crisis which started in spring 2010 as a Greek budget crisis has alerted Europeans that the issue of defaulting sovereigns is not one reserved just for the poor and poorest countries on this globe. The crisis painfully amplified that developed countries, too, might be hit by this phenomenon. To be sure, this insight is far from novel – the history of defaulting states reaches back into history for at least two millennia. And yet, lawyers have surprisingly abstained more or less completely from discussing this subject and developing possible solutions. Beginning with the Argentina crisis in 2001, this neglect began to vanish to a certain degree and this movement got some momentum in 2010 by the Eurozone crisis. The present book collects contributions from authors, most of whom have participated in a conference on this issue in January 2012 at the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. The presentations, thus, provide a unique overview of the present discussion both from an economic and legal perspective.
Debt Restructuring provides a legal analysis of international corporate, banking and sovereign debt restructuring from both the creditors’ and debtors’ perspective. It provides a practical guide for creditors holding distressed debt, debtor options in a distressed scenario and the necessary steps for the parties to achieve their goals.
Written by an expert author team of leading practitioners and academics, the legal analysis is supported by case studies and draft clauses. This topical work is divided into three parts: corporate debt restructuring; bank resolution; and sovereign debt restructuring. Focusing primarily on English and US law, there is coverage of regulation at EU level and the UNCITRAL model law on cross-border insolvencies. Regulatory, policy and practice changes developed as a result of the credit crisis are incorporated to provide a current account of practice in this field.
Aimed at lawyers working in international finance, banking, insolvency or financial services regulation, as well as regulatory agencies, central banks, banking supervisors, accountants and investment banks, Debt Restructuring can be used as a tool for international practitioners to understand the current trends in debt restructuring in order to provide a solution to their clients.
